Biennials in the garden are flowering plants that have a two-year biological cycle. Biennial plant growth begins with seeds that produce the root structure, stems, and leaves (as well as food storage organs) during the first growing season. A short stem and low basal rosette of leaves form and remain through the winter months. During the biennial’s second season, the biennial plant growth completes with the formation of flowers, fruit, and seeds. The stem of the biennial will elongate or “bolt.” Following this second season, many biennials are reseeded and then the plant usually dies. Learn more at the website listed below.

Biennials provide extended seasonal interest, offering foliage in the first year and vibrant blooms in the second. They are often hardier than annuals, tolerating diverse weather conditions. Many self-seed, ensuring continuous growth in the garden with minimal effort. Biennials also help attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, supporting local ecosystems.

Biennials thrive best in well-draining soil with consistent moisture, especially during germination and early growth. They benefit from a layer of mulch to retain soil moisture and reduce weeds. Deadheading spent blooms can help redirect energy to seed production for natural reseeding. In colder climates, providing winter protection like mulch or garden fabric helps them survive until their second-year bloom.