Biennials in the garden are flowering plants with a two-year life cycle. In the first growing season, seeds develop roots, stems, leaves, and often food storage structures. A short stem and low rosette of leaves form and persist through winter. In the second season, the plant completes its cycle by producing flowers, fruit, and seeds as the stem elongates or “bolts.” After this second year, many biennials self-seed and then typically die.

Biennials offer extended seasonal interest, with leafy growth in the first year and striking blooms in the second. They are often more resilient than annuals, able to withstand a range of weather conditions. Many self-seed, providing ongoing growth in the garden with little maintenance. Biennials also attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies, supporting a healthy local ecosystem.

Biennials grow best in well-draining soil with steady moisture, particularly during germination and early development. A layer of mulch helps conserve soil moisture and control weeds. Removing spent blooms can redirect energy toward seed production for natural reseeding. In colder regions, adding winter protection such as mulch or garden fabric helps them survive to bloom in their second year.